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React Router 備忘清單

適(shi)合(he)初學者(zhe)的綜(zong)合(he) 備忘清單

入門

安裝使用

$ npm create vite@latest myApp --\
     --template react
# 按照提示操(cao)作
$ cd <myApp>
$ npm install react-router-dom \
    localforage \
    match-sorter \
    sort-by
$ npm run dev

添加路由器

import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom/client";
import {
  createBrowserRouter,
  RouterProvider,
} from "react-router-dom";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <div>Hello world!</div>,
  },
]);

const root=document.getElementById('root');

ReactDOM.createRoot(root).render(
  <React.StrictMode>
    <RouterProvider router={router} />
  </React.StrictMode>
);

根路由

import Root from "./routes/root";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
  },
]);

處理未找到錯誤

import ErrorPage from "./error-page";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    errorElement: <ErrorPage />,
  },
]);

contacts 用戶界面

import Contact from "./routes/contact";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    errorElement: <ErrorPage />,
  },
  {
    path: "contacts/:contactId",
    element: <Contact />,
  },
]);

嵌套路由

src/main.jsx

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    errorElement: <ErrorPage />,
    children: [
      {
        path: "contacts/:contactId",
        element: <Contact />,
      },
    ],
  },
]);

src/routes/root.jsx

import { Outlet } from "react-router-dom";

export default function Root() {
  return (
    <>
      {/* 所有其(qi)他元素 */}
      <div id="detail">
        <Outlet />
      </div>
    </>
  );
}

客戶端路由

import {
  Outlet, Link
} from "react-router-dom";

export default function Root() {
  return (
    <ul>
      <li>
        <Link to={`contacts/1`}>
          Your Name
        </Link>
      </li>
      <li>
        <Link to={`contacts/2`}>
          Your Friend
        </Link>
      </li>
    </ul>
  );
}

創建聯系人

創建動作并將 <form> 更改為 <Form>

import {
  Outlet,
  Link,
  useLoaderData,
  Form,
} from "react-router-dom";
import {
  getContacts, createContact
} from "../contacts";

export async function action() {
  const contact = await createContact();
  return { contact };
}
export default function Root() {
  const { contacts } = useLoaderData();
  return (
    <div id="sidebar">
      <h1>React Router Contacts</h1>
      <Form method="post">
        <button type="submit">New</button>
      </Form>
    </div>
  );
}

導入并設置路由上的 action

import Root, {
  loader as rootLoader,
  action as rootAction,
} from "./routes/root";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    errorElement: <ErrorPage />,
    loader: rootLoader,
    action: rootAction,
    children: [
      {
        path: "contacts/:contactId",
        element: <Contact />,
      },
    ],
  },
]);

加載程序中的 URL 參數

[
  {
    path: "contacts/:contactId",
    element: <Contact />,
  },
];

:contactId URL 段。 冒號（:）具有特殊含義，將其變成“動態段”

import {
  useLoaderData
} from "react-router-dom";
import { getContact } from "../contacts";

export async function loader({ params }) {
  return getContact(params.contactId);
}

export default function Contact() {
  const contact = useLoaderData();
  // existing code
}

在路由上配置 loader

import Contact, {
  loader as contactLoader,
} from "./routes/contact";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    errorElement: <ErrorPage />,
    loader: rootLoader,
    action: rootAction,
    children: [
      {
        path: "contacts/:contactId",
        element: <Contact />,
        loader: contactLoader,
      },
    ],
  },
]);

更新數據

import {
  Form, useLoaderData
} from "react-router-dom";

export default function EditContact() {
  const contact = useLoaderData();

  return (
    <Form method="post" id="contact-form">
      <label>
        <span>Twitter</span>
        <input
          type="text"
          name="twitter"
          placeholder="@jack"
          defaultValue={contact.twitter}
        />
      </label>
      <label>
        <span>Notes</span>
        <textarea
          name="notes"
          defaultValue={contact.notes}
          rows={6}
        />
      </label>
      <p>
        <button type="submit">保(bao)存</button>
        <button type="button">取消</button>
      </p>
    </Form>
  );
}

添加新的編輯路由

import EditContact from "./routes/edit";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    errorElement: <ErrorPage />,
    loader: rootLoader,
    action: rootAction,
    children: [
      {
        path: "contacts/:contactId",
        element: <Contact />,
        loader: contactLoader,
      },
      {
        path: "contacts/:contactId/edit",
        element: <EditContact />,
        loader: contactLoader,
      },
    ],
  },
]);

活動鏈接樣式

import {
  NavLink,
} from "react-router-dom";

<NavLink
  to={`contacts/${contact.id}`}
  className={({ isActive, isPending }) =>
    isActive
      ? "active"
      : isPending
      ? "pending"
      : ""
  }
>
  {/* other code */}
</NavLink>

全局待定用戶界面

import {
  useNavigation,
} from "react-router-dom";

export default function Root() {
  const { contacts } = useLoaderData();
  const navigation = useNavigation();

  return (
    <div
      id="detail"
      className={
        navigation.state === 'loading'
          ? 'loading' : ''
      }
    >
      <Outlet />
    </div>
  );
}

使用 FormData 更新聯系人

向(xiang)編輯(ji)模塊(kuai)添加一(yi)個動作

import {
  Form,
  useLoaderData,
  redirect,
} from "react-router-dom";
import { updateContact } from "../contacts";

export async function action({ request, params }) {
  const formData = await request.formData();
  const updates = Object.fromEntries(formData);
  await updateContact(params.contactId, updates);
  return redirect(`/contacts/${params.contactId}`);
}

將動作連接到路由

import EditContact, {
  action as editAction,
} from "./routes/edit";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    errorElement: <ErrorPage />,
    loader: rootLoader,
    action: rootAction,
    children: [
      {
        path: "contacts/:contactId",
        element: <Contact />,
        loader: contactLoader,
      },
      {
        path: "contacts/:contactId/edit",
        element: <EditContact />,
        loader: contactLoader,
        action: editAction,
      },
    ],
  },
]);

刪除記錄

<Form
  method="post"
  action="destroy"
  onSubmit={(event) => {
    if (!confirm("請確認您(nin)要刪除此記錄")) {
      event.preventDefault();
    }
  }}
>
  <button type="submit">刪除(chu)</button>
</Form>

添加銷毀動作

import {redirect} from "react-router-dom";
import {deleteContact} from "../contacts";

export async function action({ params }) {
  await deleteContact(params.contactId);
  return redirect("/");
}

將 destroy 路由添(tian)加到路由配置(zhi)中

import {
  action as destroyAction
} from "./routes/destroy";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    children: [
      {
       path: "contacts/:contactId/destroy",
       action: destroyAction,
      },
    ],
  },
]);

上下文錯誤

export async function action({ params }) {
  throw new Error("oh dang!");
  await deleteContact(params.contactId);
  return redirect("/");
}

讓我們為 destroy 路由(you)創建上下文錯(cuo)誤消(xiao)息：

[
  {
    path: "contacts/:contactId/destroy",
    action: destroyAction,
    errorElement: <div>哎(ai)呀！有一個(ge)錯(cuo)誤</div>,
  },
];

首頁路由

import Index from "./routes/index";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    errorElement: <ErrorPage />,
    loader: rootLoader,
    action: rootAction,
    children: [
      { index: true, element: <Index /> },
    ],
  },
]);

取消按鈕

import {
  Form,
  useLoaderData,
  redirect,
  useNavigate,
} from "react-router-dom";

export default function Edit() {
  const contact = useLoaderData();
  const navigate = useNavigate();

  return (
    <Form method="post" id="contact-form">
      <div>
        <button type="submit">保存</button>
        <button
          type="button"
          onClick={() => {
            navigate(-1);
          }}
        >
          取消
        </button>
      </div>
    </Form>
  );
}

使用客戶端路由獲取提交

將 <form> 更改為 <Form>

<Form id="search-form" role="search">
  <input
    id="q"
    aria-label="Search contacts"
    placeholder="Search"
    type="search"
    name="q"
  />
</Form>

如果有 URLSearchParams 過濾列表

export async function loader({ request }) {
  const url = new URL(request.url);
  const q = url.searchParams.get("q");
  const contacts = await getContacts(q);
  return { contacts };
}

將 URL 同步到表單狀態

export async function loader({ request }) {
  const url = new URL(request.url);
  const q = url.searchParams.get("q");
  const contacts = await getContacts(q);
  return { contacts, q };
}

export default function Root() {
  const { contacts, q } = useLoaderData();
  const navigation = useNavigation();

  return (
    <Form id="search-form" role="search">
      <input
        id="q"
        aria-label="Search contacts"
        placeholder="Search"
        type="search"
        name="q"
        defaultValue={q}
      />
      {/* existing code */}
    </Form>
  );
}

將輸入值與 URL 搜索參數同步

import { useEffect } from "react";

export default function Root() {
  const { contacts, q } = useLoaderData();
  const navigation = useNavigation();

  useEffect(() => {
    document.getElementById("q").value = q;
  }, [q]);
}

提交變更 Forms

import {
  useSubmit,
} from "react-router-dom";

export default function Root() {
  const { contacts, q } = useLoaderData();
  const navigation = useNavigation();
  const submit = useSubmit();

  return (
    <Form id="search-form" role="search">
      <input
        id="q"
        aria-label="Search contacts"
        placeholder="Search"
        type="search"
        name="q"
        defaultValue={q}
        onChange={(event) => {
          submit(event.currentTarget.form);
        }}
      />
      {/* existing code */}
    </Form>
  );
}

Routers

挑選路由器

在 v6.4 中，引入了(le)支持(chi)新(xin)(xin)數(shu)據 API 的(de)新(xin)(xin)路(lu)由器：

:----
createBrowserRouter
createMemoryRouter
createHashRouter

以下路由器不支持數據 data API：

:----
<BrowserRouter>
<MemoryRouter>
<HashRouter>
<NativeRouter>
<StaticRouter>

路由示例

快速更新到 v6.4 的最簡單方法是從 createRoutesFromElements 獲得幫助，因此您無需將 <Route> 元(yuan)素轉(zhuan)換(huan)為路(lu)由對象

import {
  createBrowserRouter,
  createRoutesFromElements,
  Route,
  RouterProvider,
} from "react-router-dom";

const router = createBrowserRouter(
  createRoutesFromElements(
    <Route path="/" element={<Root />}>
      <Route path="dashboard" element={<Dashboard />} />
      {/* ... etc. */}
    </Route>
  )
);

ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root")).render(
  <React.StrictMode>
    <RouterProvider router={router} />
  </React.StrictMode>
);

createBrowserRouter

import * as React from "react";
import * as ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import {
  createBrowserRouter,
  RouterProvider,
} from "react-router-dom";

import Root, {rootLoader} from "./root";
import Team, {teamLoader} from "./team";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    loader: rootLoader,
    children: [
      {
        path: "team",
        element: <Team />,
        loader: teamLoader,
      },
    ],
  },
]);

const root=document.getElementById('root');

ReactDOM.createRoot(root).render(
  <RouterProvider router={router} />
);

Type Declaration

function createBrowserRouter(
  routes: RouteObject[],
  opts?: {
    basename?: string;
    window?: Window;
  }
): RemixRouter;

routes

createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    loader: rootLoader,
    children: [
      {
        path: "events/:id",
        element: <Event />,
        loader: eventLoader,
      },
    ],
  },
]);

basename 用于(yu)您無(wu)法(fa)部(bu)署到域的(de)根(gen)目(mu)錄，而是部(bu)署到子目(mu)錄的(de)情況

createBrowserRouter(routes, {
  basename: "/app",
});

createBrowserRouter(routes, {
  basename: "/app",
});
<Link to="/" />;
// results in <a href="/app" />

createBrowserRouter(routes, {
  basename: "/app/",
});
<Link to="/" />;
// results in <a href="/app/" />

createHashRouter

import * as React from "react";
import * as ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import {
  createHashRouter,
  RouterProvider,
} from "react-router-dom";

import Root, { rootLoader } from "./root";
import Team, { teamLoader } from "./team";

const router = createHashRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    loader: rootLoader,
    children: [
      {
        path: "team",
        element: <Team />,
        loader: teamLoader,
      },
    ],
  },
]);

const root=document.getElementById('root');

ReactDOM.createRoot(root).render(
  <RouterProvider router={router} />
);

createMemoryRouter

import {
  RouterProvider,
  createMemoryRouter,
} from "react-router-dom";
import * as React from "react";
import {
  render,
  waitFor,
  screen,
} from "@testing-library/react";
import "@testing-library/jest-dom";
import CalendarEvent from "./event";

test("event route", async () => {
  const FAKE_EVENT = { name: "測試事件" };
  const routes = [
    {
      path: "/events/:id",
      element: <CalendarEvent />,
      loader: () => FAKE_EVENT,
    },
  ];

  const router=createMemoryRouter(routes,{
    initialEntries: ["/", "/events/123"],
    initialIndex: 1,
  });

  render(
    <RouterProvider router={router} />
  );

  await waitFor(
    () => screen.getByRole("heading")
  );
  expect(screen.getByRole("heading"))
    .toHaveTextContent(
    FAKE_EVENT.name
  );
});

initialEntries

createMemoryRouter(routes, {
  initialEntries: ["/", "/events/123"],
});

initialIndex

createMemoryRouter(routes, {
  initialEntries: ["/", "/events/123"],
  initialIndex: 1,
  // start at "/events/123"
});

<RouterProvider>

import {
  createBrowserRouter,
  RouterProvider,
} from "react-router-dom";

const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    path: "/",
    element: <Root />,
    children: [
      {
        path: "dashboard",
        element: <Dashboard />,
      },
      {
        path: "about",
        element: <About />,
      },
    ],
  },
]);

const root=document.getElementById('root');

ReactDOM.createRoot(root).render(
  <RouterProvider
    router={router}
    fallbackElement={<BigSpinner />}
  />
);

fallbackElement 如(ru)果(guo)您不是服務器渲染您的應(ying)(ying)用程序，DataBrowserRouter 將在(zai)安裝(zhuang)時(shi)啟動所有匹配(pei)的路(lu)由加載器。 在(zai)此期間，您可以提供一個 fallbackElement 來向用戶表明(ming)該應(ying)(ying)用程序正在(zai)運(yun)行

<RouterProvider
  router={router}
  fallbackElement={<SpinnerOfDoom />}
/>

Router Components

<BrowserRouter>

import * as React from "react";
import * as ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import {
  BrowserRouter
} from "react-router-dom";

const root=document.getElementById('root');
ReactDOM.createRoot(root).render(
  <HashRouter>
    {/* 你的(de)應(ying)用程序的(de)其余部分在這(zhe)里 */}
  </HashRouter>,
);

<BrowserRouter> 使用干凈的 URL 將當前位(wei)置存儲在瀏(liu)覽(lan)器的地址欄中，并使用瀏(liu)覽(lan)器的內置歷史堆棧進行導航

<HashRouter>

import * as React from "react";
import * as ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import {
  HashRouter
} from "react-router-dom";

const root=document.getElementById('root');
ReactDOM.createRoot(root).render(
  <HashRouter>
    {/* 你的應用程序的其(qi)余部分在這里 */}
  </HashRouter>,
);

<HashRouter> 用于 Web 瀏覽(lan)器(qi)，因為某些(xie)原因不應（或不能）將 URL 發送到服務(wu)器(qi)

<NativeRouter>

import * as React from "react";
import {
  NativeRouter
} from "react-router-native";

function App() {
  return (
    <NativeRouter>
      {/* 你的應用程序(xu)的其(qi)余部分在這(zhe)里 */}
    </NativeRouter>
  );
}

<NativeRouter> 是在 React Native 應用程序中運行 React Router 的(de)推薦接口

<MemoryRouter>

import * as React from "react";
import { create } from "react-test-renderer";
import {
  MemoryRouter,
  Routes,
  Route,
} from "react-router-dom";

describe("My app", () => {
  it("renders correctly", () => {
    let renderer = create(
      <MemoryRouter initialEntries={["/users/mjackson"]}>
        <Routes>
          <Route path="users" element={<Users />}>
            <Route path=":id" element={<UserProfile />} />
          </Route>
        </Routes>
      </MemoryRouter>
    );

    expect(renderer.toJSON()).toMatchSnapshot();
  });
});

<MemoryRouter> 在內部將其位置存儲在一個數組中。 與 <BrowserHistory> 和 <HashHistory> 不(bu)同，它不(bu)依賴于(yu)外部源，例(li)如瀏覽器中的(de)歷史堆棧(zhan)。 這使得它非常適合(he)需(xu)要完全(quan)控制歷史堆棧(zhan)的(de)場景，例(li)如測試

<Router>

<Router> 是所有路由器組件（如 <BrowserRouter> 和 <StaticRouter>）共享的低級接口。 就 React 而言，<Router> 是一個上下文(wen)提供者，它向(xiang)應(ying)用(yong)程序(xu)的其(qi)余部分提供路由信(xin)息

<StaticRouter>

import * as React from "react";
import * as ReactDOMServer from "react-dom/server";
import { StaticRouter } from "react-router-dom/server";
import http from "http";

function requestHandler(req, res) {
  let html = ReactDOMServer.renderToString(
    <StaticRouter location={req.url}>
      {/* 你的應用程(cheng)序的其余部分(fen)在(zai)這里 */}
    </StaticRouter>
  );

  res.write(html);
  res.end();
}

http.createServer(requestHandler)
    .listen(3000);

另見